In general, saffron can be divided into five categories or types:

• Negin
• Sargol
• Pushal
• Saffron straw
• Girl Screw or Dasteh
• Whiteness or Konj

These divisions are usually based on the method of separating the stigma from the saffron cream.

* Negin Saffron

Negin saffron is a special type of straw saffron. In Negin saffron, the triangular strands of red and thick stigmas without the creamy part (yellow) are separated from the existing strands and there is no yellowness in it. The most expensive type of saffron is Negin saffron.

Due to the time-consuming and costly process and more activity required for processing, this type of saffron is also called Super Negin. This name is due to the fact that saffron stigmas are too large.

It has the maximum coloring power of about 230 to 270 units.

* Sargol Saffron

In this type, there is no creamy part (white part of saffron) and the completely red stigmas are separated, forming pure saffron. And in fact, it is what everyone calls saffron.

The coloring power of Sargol saffron is about 210 to 260 units.

* Pushal Saffron

The straw saffron, has all the red stigma part of the saffron string is 1 to 3 mm from the yellow cream part, because in this type of saffron there is more stigma, it has more coloring power than the saffron bunch. The staining power of straw saffron is 170 to 250.
Due to the attachment of the stigma to the cream and the reduction of the possibility of being counterfeit, this type of saffron has gained more trust from buyers.

* Saffron bunch (screw girl)

It is the main and most basic type of saffron because it contains a complete string of saffron. This type of saffron is obtained by stacking and drying a whole string of saffron (including stigma and cream).

The creamy part is about 3 to 5 mm and the stigma depends on the quality of saffron, longer or shorter.

The classification of the whole string of saffron is usually done by women, it is also called bunch saffron, screw girl saffron or girl bunch saffron.

* White saffron (corner)

White saffron is not considered as a category of saffron. When cleaning saffron and removing the saffron stigma to prepare Negin saffron, the yellow or white part of the saffron is left, which gives the saffron whiteness or corner.

Benefits

The benefits of saffron may include:

Providing antioxidants

The majority of the health claims surrounding saffron relate to its high levels of specific antioxidants.

According to a 2015 review, the main active antioxidants include:

• crocin
• picrocrocin
• safranal

Other compounds include kaempferol and crocetin.

These antioxidants help fight against oxidative stress and free radicals in the body.

As oxidative stress and free radicals play a role in the development of many health conditions, including cancer and heart disease, antioxidants such as these may help protect a person’s health.

* Preventing nervous system disorders

The antioxidants in saffron may play a role in protecting the body from disorders affecting the nervous system.

Research from 2015 notes that compounds in saffron, such as crocin, appear to reduce inflammation and oxidative damage in the brain, which may lead to beneficial effects.

A study in the journal Antioxidants noted that saffron might theoretically help with Alzheimer’s symptoms due to both its memory-enhancing properties and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

People with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s who took saffron for 22 weeks had cognitive improvements that were comparable with those of people who took the drug donepezil, and they also experienced fewer side effects.

While this is early evidence to support the medicinal use of saffron, researchers suggested that future clinical trials could help back up these claims.

* Boosting mood

There is also growing evidence that saffron may help improve mood and be a useful addition to treatment for depression.

A study in the Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science found that a saffron extract increased dopamine levels in the brain without changing the levels of other brain hormones, such as serotonin.

Other research suggests that taking 30 milligrams (mg) of saffron each day could cause similar effects as drugs that treat mild-to-moderate depression, such as imipramine and fluoxetine.

Although some people recommend using saffron as a complementary therapy for improving mood, it is too early to recommend it for treating depression symptoms.

* Promoting libido

Saffron may also increase sex drive and sexual function in both males and females.

Researchers reviewed the effects of saffron on male infertility problems and noted that while it had a positive effect on erectile dysfunction and overall sex drive, it did not change the viability of the semen.

An older study from 2012 looked at the effects in women who had reported experiencing sexual dysfunction due to taking the antidepressant fluoxetine.

Women who took 30 mg of saffron each day for 4 weeks had increased sexual desire and vaginal lubrication compared with those who took a placebo instead.

* Reducing PMS symptoms

Saffron may also act to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

The authors of a 2015 review looked at the research on saffron and symptoms of PMS. Women between the ages of 20 and 45 years who took 30 mg of saffron each day had fewer symptoms than those who took a placebo.

Additionally, women who simply smelled saffron for 20 minutes had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol in their system, which may also contribute to a reduction in PMS symptoms.

* Promoting weight loss

There is also some evidence to suggest that saffron may help promote weight loss and curb the appetite.

A study in the Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research found that taking a saffron extract helped people with coronary artery disease reduce their body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, and waist circumference.

People who took the supplement also had a reduced appetite compared with those in the placebo group.